Gateway Cinephile

Index of The Take-Up Reviews and Other External Articles by Post Date

This index includes my reviews, essays, and festival coverage published at The Take-Up, Riverfront Times The Lens, St. Louis Magazine, and other sites.

The Take-Up Articles and Podcast Episodes + Riverfront Times

• Review: ‘A Real Pain’ - 11/14/24

• Review: ‘Heretic’ - 11/6/24

• Review: ‘Anora’ - 10/30/24

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘Follow the Fleet’, ‘The Mother of All Lies’ - 10/22/24

• Review: ‘Smile 2’ - 10/17/24

• Review: ‘A Different Man’ - 10/2/24

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘Why Don’t You Play in Hell?’, ‘Humanist Vampire Seeking Consenting Suicidal Person’, ‘Starve Acre’ - 10/1/24

• Review: ‘The Substance’ - 9/24/24

• Review: ‘Eureka’ - 9/19/24

• Rutted Gravel Roads Through Hell: The Singular Cinema of Blake Eckard - 9/4/24

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘Josie and the Pussycats’, ‘Cuckoo’, ‘Handling the Undead’ - 8/21/24

• Review: ‘Alien: Romulus’ - 8/15/24

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘Crimes of Passion’, ‘Last Summer’ - 8/2/24

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘Compulsion’, ‘Longlegs’ - 7/31/24

• Review: ‘Last Summer’ - 7/29/24

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘Little Caesar’, ‘America’, ‘MaXXXine’, ‘A Quiet Place: Day One’ - 7/16/24

• Review: ‘Longlegs’ - 7/16/24

• Review: ‘MaXXXine’ - 7/5/24

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘Orpheus’, ‘Kill Your Lover’ - 7/2/24

• Review: ‘The Bikeriders’ - 6/17/24

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘Johnny Guitar’, ‘Furiosa: A Mad Max Saga’, ‘I Saw the TV Glow’, ‘In Our Day’ - 6/11/24

• Review: ‘Art College 1994’ - 6/5/24

• Review: ‘I Saw the TV Glow’ - 5/14/24

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘The Dead Don’t Die’, ‘The Feeling That the Time for Doing Something Has Passed’, ‘Hundreds of Beavers’, ‘Ryuichi Sakamoto | Opus’ - 5/8/24

• Review: ‘The Feeling That the Time for Doing Something Has Passed’ - 4/30/24

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford’, ‘The People’s Joker’, “Sasquatch Sunset’ - 4/23/24

• Review: ‘The People’s Joker’ - 4/17/24

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘The Virgin Suicides’, ‘Do Not Expect Too Much From the End of the World’, ‘Sting’ - 4/11/24

• Review: ‘The First Omen’ - 4/8/24

• Review: ‘Monkey Man’ - 4/5/24

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘The Shining’, ‘Late Night with the Devil’, ‘Stopmotion’, ‘Riddle of Fire’ - 3/26/24

• Review: ‘Pictures of Ghosts’ - 3/14/24

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘Birth’, ‘Behind the Haystacks’, ‘Here’, ‘Io Capitano’ - 3/13/24

• Review: ‘Io Capitano’ - 3/6/24

• Review: ‘Dune: Part Two’ - 2/29/24

• The Take-up Podcast: ‘The Truth About Charlie’, ‘Drive-Away Dolls’, ‘Dune: Part Two’, ‘The Legionnaire’ - 2/72/24

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘Gummo’, ‘How to Have Sex’, ‘Skin Deep’, ‘Under the Fig Trees’ - 2/13/24

• Review: ‘How to Have Sex’ - 2/12/24

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘Stone Cold’, ‘Dario Argento: Panico’, ‘The Seeding’, ‘Trunk: Locked In’ - 1/30/24

• Review: ‘Dario Argento: Panico’ - 1/30/24

• Review: ‘Youth (Spring)’ - 1/16/24

• The Take-Up Podcast - The Best Films of 2023, ‘Apolonia, Apolonia’, ‘Inside the Yellow Cocoon Shell’ - 1/16/24

• The Best Films of 2023 - 1/14/24

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘Evil Dead Rise’ - 1/12/24

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘Magic Mike’s Last Dance’, ‘Eileen’, ‘Ferrari’, ‘The Zone of Interest’ - 1/1/24

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘How to Blow Up a Pipeline’, ‘Menus-Plaisirs - Les Troisgros’ - 12/12/23

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘They Cloned Tyrone’, ‘May December’, ‘Poor Things’ - 11/30/23

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘The Lost Boys’, ‘The Killer’, ‘Killers of the Flower Moon’ - 11/14/23

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘Let the Right One In’, ‘Fair Play’, ‘The Royal Hotel’ - 10/13/23

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘Hush… Hush, Sweet Charlotte’, ‘Dumb Money’, ‘No One Will Save You’ - 10/9/23

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘Eaten Alive’, ‘The Funhouse’ - 9/29/23

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘Escape from Alcatraz’, ‘Between Two Worlds’ - 9/15/23

• Review: ‘Streetwise’ - 8/29/23

• Review: ‘Between Two Worlds’ - 8/25/23

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘Deliverance’, ‘Afire’, ‘Barbie’, ‘Oppenheimer’ - 8/18/23

• Review: ‘The Last Voyage of the Demeter’ - 8/11/23

• Review: ‘Afire’ - 8/3/23

• Review: ‘Talk to Me’ - 7/25/23

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘Rolling Thunder’, ‘Lynch/Oz’, ‘Mission: Impossible - Dead Reckoning Part One’, ‘The Taking’ - 7/21/23

• Review: ‘Oppenheimer’ - 7/20/23

• Review: ‘Mission: Impossible - Dead Reckoning Part One’ - 7/12/23

• Review: ‘The Taking’ - 7/11/23

• The Best Films of 2023 (So Far) - 7/5/23

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘Black Girl’, ‘Asteroid City’, ‘Elemental’, ‘Past Lives’ - 6/23/23

• Review: ‘Past Lives’ - 6/22/23

• Review: ‘Asteroid City’ - 6/19/23

• Review: ‘Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse’ - 6/5/23

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘The Watermelon Woman’, ‘The Eight Mountains’, ‘In the Dusk’, ‘You Hurt My Feelings’ - 6/6/23

• Review: ‘In the Dusk’ - 5/24/23

• Review: ‘Motion Detected’ - 5/18/23

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse’, ‘De Humani Corporis Fabrica’, ‘The Starling Girl’ - 5/16/23

• Review: ‘De Humani Corporis Fabrica’ - 5/9/23

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘Beau Is Afraid’, ‘The Plains’, ‘Renfield’, ‘Tori and Lokita’ - 4/23/23

• Review: ‘Beau Is Afraid’ - 4/20/23

• Double-Take: ‘Beef’ - 4/13/23

• Review: ‘How to Blow Up a Pipeline’ - 4/6/23

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘Charlie’s Angels’, ‘Dungeons & Dragons: Honor Among Thieves’, ‘Rye Lane’- 4/4/23

• Review: ‘Enys Men’ - 3/28/23

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘Certain Women’ Part 2, ‘Boston Strangler’, ‘John Wick: Chapter 4’, ‘Scream VI’ - 3/24/23

• Review: ‘John Wick: Chapter 4’ - 3/22/23

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘Certain Women’ Part 1 - 3/22/23

• Review: ‘Godland’ - 3/8/23

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘Twilight’ - 3/7/23

• Review: ‘Pacifiction’ - 2/28/23

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘You Won’t Be Alone’, ‘Attachment’, ‘Huesera: The Bone Woman’, ‘The Outwaters’ - 2/23/23

• Review: ‘No Bears’ - 2/21/23

• Review: ‘Huesera: The Bone Woman’ - 2/14/23

• Review: ‘Skinamarink’ - 2/8/23

• Review: ‘Knock at the Cabin’ - 2/2/23

• The Take-Up Podcast: ‘Stars at Noon’ - 1/27/23

• The Best Films of 2022 - 1/26/23

The Lens Articles and Podcast Episodes

• The Lens Podcast: ‘Emily the Criminal’ - 1/16/23

• The Lens Podcast: ‘Strawberry Mansion’ - 12/30/22

• The Lens Podcast: ‘After Yang’, ‘Avatar: The Way of Water, ‘She Said’ - 12/14/22

• Review: ‘Guillermo del Toro’s Pinocchio’ - 12/9/22

• The Lens Podcast - ‘Aftersun’, ‘Armageddon Time’, ‘Bones and All’, ‘Glass Onion: A Knives Out Mystery’, ‘My Father’s Dragon’, ‘The Wonder’ - 11/28/22

• Review: ‘Glass Onion: A Knives Out Mystery’ - 11/21/22

• SLIFF Spotlight: ‘Holy Spider’ - 11/8/22

• SLIFF Spotlight: ‘Nanny’ - 11/4/22

• SLIFF Spotlight: ‘Memories of My Father’ - 11/2/22

• The Lens Podcast: ‘Sisters’, ‘The Banshees of Inisherin’, ‘All Jacked Up and Full of Worms’ - 11/1/22

• The Lens Podcast: ‘The Intern’, ‘Stars at Noon’, ‘Decision to Leave’, ‘Piggy’ - 10/26/22

• Feature: Kill the Flame: The Burden of Grief in ‘Assassin’s Creed Origins’ - 10/20/22

• Review: ‘Tar’ - 10/17/22

• Review: ‘Hellraiser’ - 10/5/22

• The Lens Podcast: ‘Julie & Julia’, ‘Do Revenge’, ‘Athena’ - 10/4/22

• Review: ‘Smile’ - 9/30/22

• The Lens Recommends: ‘House of Bamboo’ - 9/21/22

• The Lens Podcast: ‘The Parent Trap’ (1998), ‘Pearl’, ‘Speak No Evil’, ‘Saloum’ - 9/19/22

• Review: ‘Speak No Evil’ - 9/15/22

• Review: ‘True Things’ - 9/7/22

• The Lens Podcast: ‘Heartburn’, ‘Three Thousand Years of Longing’, ‘The Good Boss’ - 9/6/22

• The Lens Podcast: ‘A Love Song’, ‘Orphan: First Kill’ - 8/24/22

• Review: ‘Three Thousand Years of Longing’ - 8/24/22

• Review: ‘A Love Song’ - 8/17/22

• Review: ‘Prey’ - 8/3/22

• Review: ‘Resurrection’ - 7/28/22

• The Lens Podcast: ‘Nope’ - 7/26/22

• Review: ‘Nope’ - 7/20/22

• Review: ‘Flux Gourmet’ - 7/13/22

• The Lens Podcast: ‘Mad God’, ‘Watcher’, ‘Flux Gourmet’ - 7/12/22

• Feature: Love Among the Ruins: Romance in ‘Cyberpunk 2077’ - 7/7/22

• The Lens Podcast: ‘Dancer in the Dark’, ‘Hit the Road’ - 6/29/22

• Review: ‘Hit the Road’ - 6/29/22

• Review: ‘Lux Æterna’ - 6/21/22

• The Lens Podcast: ‘The Mission’, ‘Neptune Frost’ - 6/15/22

• Review: ‘Neptune Frost’ - 6/14/22

• Review: ‘X’ - 6/7/22

• Review: ‘Benediction’ - 6/2/22

• The Lens Podcast: ‘Peppermint Frappe’, ‘Hatching’, ‘The Innocents’ - 5/31/22

• Review: ‘Montana Story’ - 5/26/22

• The Lens Recommends: ‘Severance’ - 5/19/22

• The Lens Podcast: ‘Brief Encounter’, ‘Happening’ - 5/17/22

• Review: ‘Happening’ - 5/11/22

• Review: ‘Reflection’ - 5/4/22

• The Lens Podcast: ‘Psycho’ (1998), ‘Playground’, ‘Father’ - 4/29/22

• Review: ‘Father’ - 4/27/22

• The Lens Podcast: ‘Happy Together’, ‘The Northman’ - 4/19/22

• Review: ‘The Northman’ - 4/19/22

• Review: ‘Dual’ - 4/12/22

• The Lens Podcast: ‘Bound’, ‘Everything Everywhere All at One’, ‘You Are Not My Mother’ - 4/5/22

• Review: ‘Everything Everywhere All at Once’ - 4/4/22

• Review: ‘Barbarians’ - 3/29/22

• Review: ‘Servants’ - 3/24/22

• The Lens Podcast: ‘The Living End’, ‘Fresh’, ‘Master’ - 3/22/22

• Review: ‘Lingui, The Sacred Bonds’ - 3/14/22

• The Lens Podcast: True/False 2022, ‘Wheel of Fortune and Fantasy’, ‘Frederick Douglass: In Five Speeches’ - 3/8/22

• The Lens Podcast: ‘The Scary of Sixty-First’, ‘Texas Chainsaw Massace’, ‘Kimi’ - 2/22/22

• Review: ‘Hellbender’ - 2/22/22

• Review: ‘A Banquet’ - 2/17/22

• The Lens Podcast: 2022 Oscar Nominations - 2/10/22

• Review: ‘Catch the Fair One’ - 2/8/22

• The Lens Podcast: ‘Cusp’ - 2/7/22

• Review: ‘We Need to Talk About Cosby’ - 2/1/22

• The Lens Recommends: ‘Yellowjackets’ - 1/27/22

• The Lens Podcast: ‘Saint Maud’, ‘The House’, ‘Beyond the Infinite Two Minutes’ - 1/24/2022

• Review: ‘Beyond the Infinite Two Minutes’ - 1/20/22

• Review: ‘The Whaler Boy’ - 1/12/22

• Feature: The Best Films of 2021 - 1/7/22

• Review: ‘The Matrix Resurrections’ - 12/21/21

• Review: ‘Nightmare Alley’ - 12/14/21

• Review: ‘Benedetta’ - 12/1/21

• Feature: Why ‘Deathloop’ Is the Game of the Year - 11/17/21]

• SLIFF Spotlight: ‘The Woman Who Ran’ - 11/8/21

• SLIFF Spotlight: ‘Eyimofe (This Is My Desire)’ - 11/5/21

• Review: ‘Antlers’ - 10/28/21

• Review: ‘Dune’ - 10/19/21

• Review: ‘Faya Dayi’ - 10/11/21

• Review: ‘I’m Your Man’ - 9/29/21

• Feature: The Beautiful Disarray of ‘Wildermyth’ - 9/21/21

• Review: ‘Days’ - 9/15/21

• Review: ‘Swimming Out Till the Sea Turns Blue’ - 9/9/21

• Review: ‘The Witcher: Nightmare of the Wolf’ - 9/1/21

• Review: ‘Candyman’ - 8/26/21

• Robert Classic French Film Festival: ‘Betty Blue’ - 8/24/21

• The Lens Recommends: ‘Harley Quinn’ - 8/12/21

• Review: The ‘Fear Street’ Trilogy - 8/4/21

• Review: ‘The Green Knight’ - 7/28/21

• The Lens Recommends: ‘Lisey’s Story’ - 7/23/21

• Review: ‘Pig’ - 7/15/21

• Review: ‘Dachra’ - 7/8/21

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for June 2021 - 6/30/21

• Review: ‘Gaia’ - 6/22/21

• Review: ‘Les Nôtres’ - 6/17/21

• Review: ‘The Amusement Park’ - 6/7/21

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for May 2021 - 6/3/21

• Review: ‘Two Lottery Tickets’ - 5/27/21

• Review: ‘The Killing of Two Lovers’ - 5/18/21

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for April 2021 - 5/5/21

• Review: ‘Sisters with Transistors’ - 4/28/21

• Review: ‘At Night Comes Wolves’ - 4/23/21

• Golden Anniversaries: ‘Wake in Fight’ - 4/13/21

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for March 2021 - 3/30/21

• Review: ‘The Fever’ - 3/22/21

• Review: ‘The World to Come’ - 3/16/21

• Review: ‘A Shape of Things to Come’ - 3/11/21

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for February 2021 - 3/1/21

• Review: ‘I Care a Lot’ - 2/23/21

• Review: ‘Atlantis’ - 2/17/21

• Review: ‘Saint Maud’ - 2/8/21

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for January 2021 - 2/1/21

• Review: ‘Identifying Features’ - 1/26/21

• Review: ‘Acasa, My Home’ - 1/20/21

• The Best Films of 2020 - 1/18/21

• Better Things: The Pop Culture That Got Us Through 2020 - 1/11/21

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for December 2020 - 1/4/21

• The Best Horror Films of 2020 - 1/1/21

• Review: ‘The Wolf House’ - 12/22/20

• Review: ‘Another Round’ - 12/17/20

• Review: ‘The Twentieth Century’ - 12/8/20

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for November 2020 - 12/6/20

• Review: ‘Lovers Rock’ - 12/1/20

• SLIFF Spotlight: ‘God of the Piano’ - 11/17/20

• SLIFF Spotlight: ‘Lucky Grandma’ - 11/11/20

• SLIFF Spotlight: ‘God Save the Wings’ - 11/7/20

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for October 2020 - 11/2/20

• The Lens Recommends: ‘The Haunting of Bly Manor’ - 10/22/20

• Review: ‘Time’ - 10/16/20

• Review: ‘The Swerve’ - 10/8/20

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for September 2020 - 10/1/20

• The Lens Recommends: ‘The Outsider’ - 9/24/20

• Review: ‘Space Dogs’ - 9/17/20

• The Lens Recommends: ‘The Boys’ - 9/9/20

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for August 2020 - 9/3/20

• Review: ‘I’m Thinking of Ending Things’ - 9/2/20

• Review: ‘Entwined’ - 8/27/20

• Review: ‘Sputnik’ - 8/13/20

• Review: ‘She Dies Tomorrow’ - 8/6/20

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for July 2020 - 7/30/20

• Review: ‘The Rental’ - 7/23/20

• Review: ‘Relic’ - 7/15/20

• Review: ‘Guest of Honour’ - 7/10/20

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for June 2020 - 7/6/20

• More Ghosts Than People: ‘Red Dead Redemption 2’ and the Art of the Prequel - 7/2/20

• Review: ‘House of Hummingbird’ - 6/26/20

• Review: ‘Hammer’ - 6/18/20

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for May 2020 - 6/5/20

• Review: ‘The Vast of Night’ - 6/4/20

• Review: ‘Joan of Arc’ - 5/28/20

• Review: ‘Rewind’ - 5/22/20

• The Lens Recommends: ‘Servant’ - 5/12/20

• The Lens Recommends: ‘Devs’ - 5/6/20

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for April 2020 - 5/1/20

• Review: ‘True History of the Kelly Gang’ - 4/24/20

• Review: ‘We Summon the Darkness’ - 4/17/20

• Review: ‘Tigertail’ - 4/10/20

• Review: ‘The Other Lamb’ - 4/3/20

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for March 2020 - 3/27/20

• Review: ‘Vivarium’ - 3/23/20

• Review: ‘First Cow’ - 3/17/20

• Review: ‘Goldie’ - 3/11/20

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for February 2020 - 2/27/20

• Review: ‘The Invisible Man’ - 2/26/20

• Review: ‘Birds of Prey’ - 2/11/20

• Review: ‘Gretel & Hansel’ - 2/4/20

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for January 2020 - 1/31/20

• Review: ‘Color Out of Space’ - 1/28/20

• Review: ‘I Lost My Body’ - 1/23/20

• Review: ‘Invisible Life’ - 1/15/20

• Review: ‘1917’ - 1/8/20

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for December 2019 - 1/3/20

• The Best Films of 2019 - 12/31/19

• Every Horror Film of 2019, Ranked - 12/24/19

• Review: ‘Uncut Gems’ - 12/23/19

• Review: ‘A Hidden Life’ - 12/19/19

• Review: ‘Black Christmas’ - 12/16/19

• Review: ‘Knives Out’ - 11/26/19

• Review: ‘Parasite’ - 11/20/19

• SLIFF Spotlight: ‘Our Bodies Our Doctors’ - 11/8/19

• SLIFF Spotlight: ‘Latter Day Jew’ - 11/8/19

• SLIFF Spotlight: ‘My Name Is Pedro’ - 11/7/19

• Review: ‘Dotor Sleep’ - 11/6/19

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for October 2019 - 10/31/19

• Review: ‘The Lighthouse’ - 10/23/19

• Review: ‘Dolemite Is My Name’ - 10/16/19

• Review: ‘Memory: The Origins of Alien’ - 10/10/19

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for September 2019 - 10/8/19

• Review: ‘Tigers Are Not Afraid’ - 10/4/19

• Review: ‘Joker’ - 10/2/19

• Review: ‘Ad Astra’ - 9/19/19

• Review: ‘It Chapter Two’ - 9/12/19

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for August 2019 - 9/3/19

• Golden Anniversaries: ‘Midnight Cowboy’ - 8/27/19

• Review: ‘Ready or Not’ - 8/21/19

• Review: ‘The Nightingale’ - 8/13/19

• Review: ‘The Kitchen’ - 8/7/19

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for July 2019 - 8/2/19

• Review: ‘Share’ - 7/31/19

• Review: ‘The Farewell’ - 7/26/19

• Review: ‘The Art of Self-Defense’ - 7/17/19

• Review: ‘Transit’ - 7/10/19

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for June 2019 - 7/5/19

• Review: ‘Midsommar’ - 7/2/19

• Review: ‘The Last Black Man in San Francisco’ - 6/25/19

• Review: ‘Rolling Thunder Review: A Bob Dylan Story by Martin Scorsese’ - 6/18/19

• Review: ‘Shadow’ - 6/12/19

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for May 2019 - 6/3/19

• Review: ‘Godzilla: King of the Monsters’ - 5/30/19

• Review: ‘Booksmart’ - 5/23/19

• Review: ‘John Wick: Chapter 3 - Parabellum’ - 5/17/19

• Review: ‘Under the Silver Lake’ - 5/9/19

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for April 2019 - 5/1/19

• Review: ‘Avengers: Endgame’ - 4/25/19

• Review: ‘The Curse of La Llorona’ - 4/18/19

• Review: ‘Pet Sematary’ - 4/4/19

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for March 2019 - 4/2/19

• Review: ‘The Mustang’ - 3/28/19

• Review: ‘Us’ - 3/21/19

• Review: ‘Captain Marvel’ - 3/7/19

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for February 2019 - 2/26/19

• Review: ‘How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World’ - 2/21/19

• Review: ‘Happy Death Day 2U’ - 2/13/19

• Review: ‘The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part’ - 2/7/19

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for January 2019 - 1/31/19

• The Best Films of 2018: The Roundtable - 1/28/19

• The Lens Recommends: ‘Alphaville’ - 1/22/19

• Review: ‘Glass’ - 1/17/19

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for December 2018 - 1/4/19

• Every Horror Film of 2018, Ranked - 12/27/18

• The Best Films of 2018: The Lists - 12/26/18

• Review: ‘Roma’ - 12/19/18

• Review: ‘Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse’ - 12/12/18

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for November 2018 - 11/29/18

• Review: ‘At Eternity’s Gate’ - 11/20/18

• SLIFF Spotlight: ‘Chasing Portraits’ - 11/8/18

• SLIFF Spotlight: ‘The House, the Hand and the Hatchet’ - 11/7/18

• SLIFF Spotlight: ‘Larger Than Life: The Kevyn Aucoin Story’ - 11/4/18

• SLIFF Spotlight: ‘Good Manners’ - 11/1/18

• Review: ‘Suspiria’ - 10/30/18

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for October 2018 - 10/29/18

• Review: ‘Halloween’ - 10/18/18

• Review: ‘First Man’ - 10/10/18

• Review: ‘Venom’ - 10/4/18

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for September 2018 - 9/28/18

• Review: ‘Blaze’ - 9/27/18

• Review: ‘Lizzie’ - 9/20/18

• Review: ‘A Simple Favor’ - 9/13/18

• Review: 'The Nun' - 9/6/18

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for August 2018 - 9/5/18

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for July 2018 - 8/2/18

• Review: 'Eighth Grade' - 7/25/18

• Review: 'Unfriended: Dark Web' -7/19/18

• Review: 'Sorry to Bother You' - 7/11/18

• Review: 'Leave No Trace' - 7/3/18

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for June 2018 - 6/28/18

• Recap: 'Westworld', "The Passenger" - 6/26/18

• Recap: 'Westworld', "Vanishing Point" - 6/21/18

• Recap: 'Westworld', "Kiksuya" - 6/12/18

• Review: 'Hereditary' - 6/6/18

• Recap: 'Westworld', "Les Écorchés" - 6/4/18

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for May 2018 - 6/1/18

• Review: 'First Reformed' - 5/30/18

• Recap: 'Westworld', "Phase Space" - 5/29/18

• Review: 'Solo: A Star Wars Story' - 5/23/18

• Recap: 'Westworld', "Akane No Mai" - 5/22/18

• Review: 'Revenge' - 5/16/18

• Recap: 'Westworld', "The Riddle of the Sphinx" - 5/14/18

• Review: 'Lu Over the Wall' - 5/9/18

• Recap: 'Westworld', "Virtù e Fortuna" - 5/7/18

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for April 2018 - 5/3/18

• Recap: 'Westworld', "Reunion" - 5/1/18

• Review: 'Avengers: Infinity War' - 4/25/18

• Recap: 'Westworld', "Journey Into Night" - 4/24/18

• Review: 'A Quiet Place' - 4/6/18

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for March 2018 - 4/3/18

• Review: 'Isle of Dogs' - 3/28/18

• Review: 'The Death of Stalin' - 3/22/18

• Review: 'Thoroughbreds' - 3/9/18

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for February 2018 - 3/2/18

• Review: 'Red Sparrow' - 3/1/18

• Review: 'Annihilation' - 2/23/18

• Review: 'Black Panther' - 2/15/18

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for January 2018 - 2/1/18

• Review: 'Hostiles' - 1/25/18

• Review: 'The Final Year' - 1/18/18

• Review: 'Phantom Thread' - 1/12/18

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for December 2017 - 1/5/18

• The Best Films of 2017 - 1/4/18

• The Best Streaming Horror Films of 2017 - 1/2/18

• Every Horror Film of 2017, Ranked - 12/25/17

• Review: 'Call Me by Your Name' - 12/21/17

• Review: 'The Shape of Water' - 12/14/17

• Review: 'The Disaster Artist' - 12/7/17

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for November 2017 - 11/30/17

• Review: 'Justice League' - 11/17/17

• Review: 'The Square' - 11/16/17

• Review: 'The Killing of a Sacred Deer' - 11/10/17

• Review: 'Wonderstruck' - 11/9/17

• Streaming Bloody Murder: Horror VOD Postmortem for October 2017 - 11/3/17

• Review: 'Thor: Ragnarok' - 11/2/17

• Review: 'The Florida Project' - 10/26/17

• Review: 'The Snowman' - 10/20/17

• Review: 'Take Every Wave: The Life of Laird Hamilton' - 10/19/17

• Review: 'The Foreigner' - 10/13/17

• Review: 'Marshall' - 10/12/17

• Review: 'Blade Runner 2049' - 10/6/17

• Review: 'The Mountain Between Us' - 10/6/17

St. Louis Magazine Articles

• Interview: Mike Gabrawy - 10/12/17

• Review: Good Time - 8/23/17

• Review: Annabelle: Creation - 8/9/17

• Review: City of Ghosts - 8/3/17

• Review: A Ghost Story - 7/28/17

• Review: Dunkirk - 7/20/17

• Review: War for the Planet of the Apes - 7/14/17

• Review: The Big Sick - 7/5/17

• Review: Baby Driver - 6/29/17

• Review: Obit - 6/22/17

• Review: Cars 3 - 6/15/17

• Interview: Kristin Archibald - 6/8/17

• Review: It Comes at Night - 6/8/17

• Review: Wonder Woman - 5/31/17

• Review: Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales - 5/25/17

• Review: Alien: Covenant - 5/17/17

• Review: A Quiet Passion - 5/10/17

• Review: LA 92 - 4/27/17

• Review: Graduation - 4/26/17

• Review: The Lost City of Z - 4/20/17

• Review: Frantz - 4/6/17

• African Film Festival 2017: Children of the Mountain - 3/30/17

• Review: Personal Shopper - 3/23/17

• Review: Kong: Skull Island - 3/8/17

• Review: Logan - 3/2/17

• Review: Get Out - 2/22/17

• Interview: Michael Buegg - 2/21/17

• Review: A Cure for Wellness - 2/16/17

• Review: The LEGO Batman Movie - 2/9/17

• Review: I Am Not Your Negro - 2/2/17

• Review: Julieta - 1/25/17

• Review: Split - 1/19/17

• Review: Silence - 1/11/17

• Review: Hidden Figures - 1/4/17

• The Best Films of 2016 - 12/30/16

• Every Horror Movie of 2016, Ranked - 12/23/16

• Review: Jackie - 12/21/16

• Review: Rogue One: A Star Wars Story - 12/13/16

• Review: Miss Sloane - 12/8/16

• Review: Manchester by the Sea - 12/2/16

• Review: Moana - 11/23/16

• Review: Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them - 11/18/16

• SLIFF 2016: Phantom Boy - 11/11/16

• SLIFF 2016: The Confessions - 11/11/16

• Review: Arrival - 11/10/16

• SLIFF: Long Live Death - 11/9/16

• SLIFF : After the Storm - 11/9/16

• SLIFF 2016: The Holly Kane Experiment - 11/7/16

• SLIFF 2016: Old Stone - 11/6/16

• Review: Doctor Strange - 11/5/16

• SLIFF 2016: Two - 11/4/16

• SLIFF 2016: Staying Vertical - 11/3/16

• SLIFF 2016: Demimonde - 11/3/16

• SLIFF 2016: Neither Heaven Nor Earth - 11/1/16

• Review: Certain Women - 10/28/16

• Interview: Craig Atkinson - 10/26/16

• Review: Ouija: Origin of Evil - 10/21/16

• Review: American Honey - 10/13/16

• Review: The Birth of a Nation - 10/5/16

• Review: Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children - 9/29/16

• Review: The Magnificent Seven - 9/21/16

• Review: Blair Witch - 9/15/16

• Review: Our Little Sister - 9/13/16

• WUFS: Nuts! - 9/8/16

• Review: The Light Between Oceans - 9/1/16

• Review: Don't Breathe - 8/25/16

• Review: Kubo and the Two Strings - 8/17/16

• Review: Suicide Squad - 8/4/16

• Review: Jason Bourne - 7/28/16

• Review: Lights Out - 7/21/16

• Review: Ghostbusters - 7/14/16

• Review: Wiener-Dog - 7/6/16

• Review: Swiss Army Man - 6/29/16

• Review: Free State of Jones - 6/23/16

• Review: Finding Dory - 6/16/16

• Review: Warcraft - 6/9/16

• Review: Sunset Song - 6/2/16

• Review: X-Men: Apocalypse - 5/26/16

• Review: A Bigger Splash - 5/18/16

• Review: Money Monster - 5/12/16

• Review: Captain America: Civil War - 5/4/16

• Review: Green Room - 4/27/16

• WUFS: Speed Sisters - 4/20/16

• Review: Criminal - 4/13/16

• Review: Everybody Wants Some!! - 4/6/16

• WUFS: Approaching the Elephant - 4/1/16

• African Film Festival 2016: Ayanda - 3/31/16

• Review: Batman v. Superman: Dawn of Justice - 3/24/16

• Review: Rednecks + Culchies - 3/21/16

• Review: 10 Cloverfield Lane - 3/11/16

• True/False 2016 - Part 2 3/10/16

• True/False 2016 - Part 1 3/8/16

• Review: Zootopia 3/3/16

• Review: Triple 9 2/24/16

• Review: The Witch 2/17/16

• Review: Deadpool - 2/10/16

• Review: Hail, Caesar! - 2/3/16

• Africa World Film Festival Preview 2/3/16

• Review: Kung Fu Panda 3 1/27/16

• Review: The 5th Wave 1/22/16

• Review: Anomalisa 1/13/16

• Review: The Revenant 1/6/16

• The Best Films of 2015 12/31/15

• Every Horror Movie of 2015, Ranked 12/25/15

• Review: The Hateful Eight 12/23/15

• Four Awesome Star Wars Works to Devour Before (or After) You See The Force Awakens 12/18/15

• WUFS: Killing Them Safely 12/16/15

• Review: Macbeth 12/11/15

• Review: Trumbo 12/7/15

• Review: Creed 11/24/15

• Review: Brooklyn 11/18/15

• SLIFF 2015: Cemetery of Splendour 11/13/15

• SLIFF 2015: My Friend Victoria 11/13/15

• Review: The 33 11/13/15

• SLIFF 2015: Montedoro 11/12/15

• SLIFF 2015: Sea Fog 11/10/15

• SLIFF 2015: Marshland 11/9/15

• SLIFF 2015: Kidnap Capital 11/9/15

• SLIFF 2015: The Invitation 11/8/15

• SLIFF 2015: Jasmine 11/7/15

• Review: Spectre 11/6/15

• SLIFF 2015: Red Mountain 11/6/15

• SLIFF 2015: Deep Web 11/5/15

• Review: Truth 10/28/15

• Review: Steve Jobs 10/21/15

• Review: Crimson Peak 10/14/15

• Review: Time Out of Mind 10/8/15

• Review: Sicario 10/5/15

• Review: Finders Keepers 9/30/15

• Interview: Walker Deibel 9/30/15

• Review: The New Girlfriend 9/23/15

• Review: Black Mass 9/16/15

• WUFS: Güeros 9/10/15

• WUFS: The Look of Silence 9/2/15

• Review: Mistress America 8/27/15

• Review: Jimmy's Hall 8/20/15

• Review: The Man from U.N.C.L.E. 8/13/15

• Review: Mission: Impossible - Rogue Nation 7/29/15

• Review: Southpaw 7/22/15

• Review: Ant-Man 7/15/15

• Review: Self/less 7/9/15

• Review: The Overnight 7/1/15

• Review: Me and Earl and the Dying Girl 6/25/15

• Review: Inside Out 6/18/15

• Review: Jurassic World 6/11/15

• WUFS: Dark Star: H. R. Giger's World 6/4/15

• Review: Aloha 5/28/15

• Review: Good Kill 5/21/15

• Review: Mad Max: Fury Road 5/14/15

• Review: Far From the Madding Crowd 5/7/15

• Review: Avengers: Age of Ultron 5/1/15

• Review: Ex Machina 4/24/15

• Review: True Story 4/16/15

• Review: Seymour: An Introduction 4/10/15

• Review: White God 4/7/15

• African Film Festival 2015: Veve 3/27/15

• Review: Gett: The Trial of Viviane Ansalem 3/20/15

• Review: '71 3/12/15

• Review: What We Do in the Shadows 3/5/15

• Review: Focus 2/26/15

• Review: Song of the Sea 2/25/15

• Review: Two Days, One Night 2/13/15

• Review: Jupiter Ascending 2/6/15

• Review: A Most Violent Year 1/30/15

• WUFS: 20,000 Days on Earth 1/22/15

• Review: American Sniper 1/16/15

• Review: Inherent Vice 1/8/15

• The Best Films of 2014 12/31/14

• Review: Unbroken 12/25/14

• Review: The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies 11/17/14

• Review: Point and Shoot 12/11/14

• Interview: Doug Pray 11/20/14

• SLIFF 2014: The Liberator 11/17/14

• SLIFF 2014: Growing Up and Other Lies 11/14/14

• Review: Interstellar 11/5/14

• Review: Nightcrawler 10/31/14

• Review: Birdman 10/24/14

• Review: The Green Prince 10/17/14

• Review: Kill the Messenger 10/10/14

• Review: Gone Girl 10/3/14

• Review: The Boxtrolls 9/26/14

• WUFS: The Zero Theorem 9/19/14

• Review: The Drop 9/12/14

• WUFS: Code Black 9/4/14

• Review: The Trip to Italy 8/29/14

• Review: Sin City: A Dame to Kill For 8/22/14

• Review: Calvary 8/15/14

• Review: Boyhood 8/1/14

• Review: Lucy 7/25/14

• WUFS: Antarctica: A Year on Ice 7/17/14

• Review: Dawn of the Planet of the Apes 7/11/14

• WUFS: Go Down Death 7/2/14

• Review: The Rover 6/20/14

• Review: How to Train Your Dragon 2 6/13/14

• Review: Edge of Tomorrow 6/6/14

• Review: Maleficent 5/30/14

• Review: X-Men: Days of Future Past 5/23/14

• Review: God's Pocket 5/16/14

• Review: Fading Gigolo 5/9/14

• Review: Only Lovers Left Alive 5/2/14

• Review: Finding Vivian Maier 4/25/14

• Review: Transcendence 4/18/14

• Review: Ernest & Célestine 4/11/14

• Review: Nymphomaniac 4/4/14

• Review: Captain America: The Winter Soldier 4/3/14

• African Film Festival 2014: Aya of Yop City 3/27/14

• Review: The Grand Budapest Hotel 3/21/14

• Review: Elaine Stritch: Shoot Me 3/12/14

• WUFS: Dear Mr. Watterson 3/7/14

• True/False 2014 3/4/14

• Review: Non-Stop 2/28/14

• Review: Pompeii 2/21/14

• Review: RoboCop 2/12/14

• Review: The Monuments Men 2/7/14

• Review: Labor Day 1/31/14

• WUFS: American Promise 1/24/14

• WUFS: Escape From Tomorrow 1/17/14

• Review: Her 1/10/14

• The Best Films of 2013 12/31/13

• Review: The Wolf of Wall Street 12/25/13

• Review: Inside Llewyn Davis 12/20/13

• Review: The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug 12/13/13

• Review: Out of the Furnace 12/6/13

• Review: Nebraska 11/26/13

• SLIFF 2013: All Roads Lead 11/19/13

• Review: Dallas Buyers Club 11/15/13

• Review: Blue Is the Warmest Color 11/8/13

• Review: 12 Years a Slave 11/1/13

• Review: The Fifth Estate 10/18/13

• Review: The Summit 10/11/13

• Review: Sign Painters 10/8/13

• Review: Gravity 10/4/13

• WUFS: Mister Rogers & Me 9/20/13

• Review: Short Term 12 9/13/13

• Review: Austenland 9/6/13

• Review: Ain't Them Bodies Saints 8/30/13

• Review: In a World... 8/23/13

• Review: The Butler 8/16/13

• Review: Elysium 8/9/13

• Review: Blackfish 8/2/13

• Review: Fruitvale Station 7/26/13

• Review: The Conjuring 7/19/13

• Review: Pacific Rim 7/12/13

• Review: The Lone Ranger 7/3/13

• Review: Dirty Wars 6/28/13

• Review: The Bling Ring 6/21/13

• Review: Man of Steel 6/14/13

• QFest 2013: I Am Divine 6/5/13

• Review: Frances Ha 5/24/13

• Review: Star Trek Into Darkness 5/17/13

• Review: The Great Gatsby 5/10/13

• Review: Iron Man 3 5/3/13

• Review: Mud 4/26/13

• Review: To the Wonder 4/19/13

• Review: The Place Beyond the Pines 4/12/13

• Review: Evil Dead 4/5/13

• African Film Festival 2013: La Pirogue 3/21/13

• Review: Oz the Great and Powerful 3/8/13

• Review: Yossi 2/22/13

• Review: John Dies at the End 2/8/13

• WUFS: Classic Widescreen Cinema 1/25/13

• Review: Zero Dark Thirty 1/11/13

• The Best Films of 2012 12/31/12

• Review: Django Unchained 12/25/12

• Review: This Is 40 12/21/12

• Review: The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey 12/14/12

• Review: Holy Motors 11/30/12

• Review: Anna Karenina 11/21/12

• SLIFF 2012: The Movie Orgy 11/16/12

• Review: Skyfall 11/9/12

• Review: Flight 11/2/12

• Review: Cloud Atlas 10/26/12

• Review: Hello I Must Be Going 10/19/12

• Review: Argo 10/12/12

• Review: The Perks of Being a Wallflower 10/5/12

• Interview: Jennifer Lynch 10/1/12

• Review: Looper 9/28/12

• Review: The Master 9/21/12

• Review: For a Good Time Call... 9/14/12

• Review: Cosmopolis 9/7/12

• Review: Lawless 8/31/12

• Review: Killer Joe 8/24/12

• Review: Elena 8/10/12

• Review: Total Recall 8/3/12

• Blu-ray Release: The Last Days of Disco 7/27/12

• Review: Pink Ribbons, Inc. 7/20/12

• Review: Natural Selection 7/13/12

• Review: Turn Me On, Dammit! 7/6/12

• Review: A Cat in Paris 6/29/12

• Review: Polisse 6/15/12

• Review: Prometheus 6/8/12

• Review: Snow White and the Huntsman 6/1/12

• Review: Goodbye First Love 5/25/12

• Review: Headhunters 5/18/12

• Review: The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel 5/11/12

• Review: The Fairy 5/4/12

• Review: Elles 4/27/12

• QFest 2012: My Best Day 4/20/12

• Review: The Kid with a Bike 4/13/12

• Review: Chico and Rita 4/6/12

• Review: The Forgiveness of Blood 3/30/12

• Review: Addiction Incorporated 3/23/12

• Blu-ray Release: The Last Temptation of Christ 3/16/12

• Review: John Carter 3/9/12

• True/False 2012: Day Four 3/5/12

• True/False 2012: Day Three 3/4/12

• True/False 2012: Day Two 3/3/12

• True/False 2012: Day One 3/2/12

• Review: The Conquest 2/24/12

• Review: The Secret World of Arrietty 2/17/12

• Review: My Reincarnation 2/10/12

• Review: El Bulli: Cooking in Progress 2/3/12

• Blu-ray Release: Godzilla 1/27/12

• Review: Shame 1/20/12

• Review: Contraband 1/13/12

• WUFS: The Hoodlum Priest 1/6/12

• The Best Films of 2011 12/31/11

• Review: Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy 12/23/11

• Review: Gainsbourg: A Heroic Life 12/9/11

• Interview: Steven Spielberg 12/1/11

• Review: Melancholia 11/21/11

• SLIFF 2011: The Last Mountain 11/11/11

• SLIFF 2011: A Useful Life 11/10/11

• SLIFF 2011: Bubba Moon Face 11/9/11

• Review: The Black Power Mixtape 1967-1975 10/28/11

• Review: The Mill and the Cross 10/14/11

• WUFS: Q: The Winged Serpent 9/30/11

• Review: Griff the Invisible 9/16/11

• Review: The Tree 9/2/11

• Review: Vincent Wants to Sea 8/23/11

• Review: Beats, Rhymes & Life 8/5/11

• Review: Viva Riva! 7/22/11

• Double-Take: The Tree of Life 7/10/11

• Review: City of Life and Death 7/7/11

• WUFS: Two-Lane Blacktop 7/1/11

• Review: Circo 6/3/11

• Review: Incendies 5/20/11

• Blu-ray Release: Fat Girl 5/6/11

• Review: Sound It Out 4/21/11

• Review: Certified Copy 4/6/11

• WUFS: Charlie Chaplain's Features 3/3/11

• Review: Biutiful 2/14/11

• Review: Blue Valentine 1/19/11

• The Best Films of 2010 12/30/10

• SLIFF 2010: A Screaming Man 11/17/10

• SLIFF 2010: How I Ended This Summer 11/15/10

• SLIFF 2010: Daniel and Abraham 11/12/10 (originally 8/3/10)

• SLIFF 2010: Kawasaki's Rose 11/10/11

• Blu-ray Release: Toy Story 3 11/2/10

• 2010 Classic French Film Festival: M. Hulot's Holiday and Play Time 9/13/10

Other Articles

• An Interview with Plan 9 from Outer Space Author Katharine Coldiron - Vague Visages - 3/11/22

• From Yiddish Theater Actor to Mainstream Film Auteur (Book Review) - The Common Reader - 1/31/22

• Who Killed the World?: Automotive Ecstasy and Apocalyptic Despair in Action Cinema - The Common Reader - 3/25/20

• The America That the Warner Brothers Made (Book Review) - The Common Reader - 3/29/19

• How Hollywood Became the McDonald’s of Movies (Book Review) - The Common Reader 12/13/18

• Crazy Films Define a Time of Upheaval (Spider Baby, Witchfinder General, The Devil Rides Out) - The Common Reader 7/6/18

• A Conversation with Kansas City Filmmaker Stephen Wallace Pruitt - ALIVE Magazine 1/18/18

• A Conversation with Missouri Filmmaker Blake Eckard - ALIVE Magazine 11/9/17

• Fugitives from Sheol: The Holocaust Survivor in Six Narrative Films, 1953 - 2005 - The Common Reader 10/16/17

• When the Bough Breaks: Goodnight Mommy - The Curator 1/4/16

• Bloodsucking Straights: Inherent Vice and the Undeath of Counterculture - The Curator 4/28/15

• Jim Jarmusch: Expect the Unexpected - The Curator 8/15/14

• The Siren's Song: Jonathan Glazer's Under the Skin - The Curator 7/21/14

• What I Feared Has Come Upon Me: Hannibal and the Tyranny of Terror - The Curator 2/26/14

• Hope Has Passed Away: Inside Llewyn Davis and the Poisonous Allure of Failure - The Curator 2/10/14

• Vengeance Is Mine, Sayeth the Bullied: Kimberly Peirce's Carrie - The Curator 11/20/13

• Red, White, and Blue Valentine: Breaking Up with America in The Reluctant Fundamentalist - The Curator 7/3/13

• Mika Taanila: Tomorrow's New Dawn at Contemporary Art Museum St. Louis - Temporary Art Review 6/27/13

• Brett Williams' "Memory Old and New" at Bruno David Gallery - Temporary Art Review 5/21/13

• The Last Exorcism: Sneaky Horror and Religious Critique in Beyond the Hills - The Curator 4/8/13

• William E. Jones' "Killed" at the St. Louis Art Museum - Temporary Art Review 2/22/13